The temporal framework and the demarcation of indigenous lands

legal and economic impacts on agriculture in Roraima

Abstract

This article analyzes the consolidation of the temporal framework thesis in Brazil and its effects on agriculture and the demarcation of Indigenous lands in the state of Roraima. It explains how the Supreme Federal Court’s ruling on the Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Land and the enactment of Law nº 14.701/2023 structured the legal, social, and environmental discussion, establishing specific criteria for recognizing territories traditionally occupied by Indigenous peoples. It then describes the impacts of the legislation on the National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (Funai), indigenous communities, and the legal security of rural producers, highlighting land conflicts and their economic and environmental repercussions. The article uses a qualitative method and bibliographic research, based on primary and secondary sources (legislation, case law, official reports, academic articles, and current news) to examine the topic from multiple perspectives. It identifies that the application of the temporal framework, although defended as an instrument of predictability for agricultural activity and agribusiness investments, generates constitutional tensions, questions about indigenous rights, and socio-environmental risks, especially in areas of high cultural and ecological diversity. It concludes that the effectiveness of this norm depends on the reconciliation of economic development and the preservation of the rights of Indigenous peoples, reinforcing the need for broad participation of these communities in all stages of demarcation and territorial monitoring to ensure legal certainty, social justice, and sustainability.